Hindi Poems For Kids Poems For Kids About School That Rhyme Shel Silverstein in English To Recite About Friends in Urdu About Friendship

Hindi Poems For Kids Biography

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Bharatendu Harishchandra (9 September 1850 – 6 January 1885) is known as the father of modern Hindi Literature as well as Hindi theatre.[1][2] He is considered one of the greatest Hindi writers of modern India. A recognised poet, he was also a trend setter in Hindi prose-writing. He was an an author of several dramas, life sketches and travel accounts; he also used new media like reports, publications, letters to the editor, translations and literary works to shape public opinion.[3][4]

Writing under the pen name "Rasa", Harishchandra represented the agonies of the people, country's poverty, dependency, inhuman exploitation, the unrest of the middle class and the urge for the progress of the country. He was also an influential Hindu "traditionalist", using Vaishnava devotionalism to define a coherent Hindu religion.[4]


Bharatendu Harishchandra
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bharatendu Harishchandra
Bharatendu Harishchandra (1850-1885).jpg
Born 9 September 1850
Varanasi, India
Died 6 January 1885 (aged 34)
Varanasi, India
Pen name Rasa
Occupation Novelist, poet, playwright
Bharatendu Harishchandra (9 September 1850 – 6 January 1885) is known as the father of modern Hindi Literature as well as Hindi theatre.[1][2] He is considered one of the greatest Hindi writers of modern India. A recognised poet, he was also a trend setter in Hindi prose-writing. He was an an author of several dramas, life sketches and travel accounts; he also used new media like reports, publications, letters to the editor, translations and literary works to shape public opinion.[3][4]

Writing under the pen name "Rasa", Harishchandra represented the agonies of the people, country's poverty, dependency, inhuman exploitation, the unrest of the middle class and the urge for the progress of the country. He was also an influential Hindu "traditionalist", using Vaishnava devotionalism to define a coherent Hindu religion.[4]

Contents  [hide]
1 Biography
2 Hindu traditionalism
3 Major works in
3.1 Drama
3.2 Poetry
3.3 Translations
3.4 Essay collection
4 Couplets
5 References
6 External links
Biography[edit]
Born in Banaras, Bharatendu Harishchandra's father Gopal Chandra was a poet. He wrote poems under the pseudonym Girdhar Das. Bharatendu's parents died when he was still young but they seem to have had an influence on him. Acharya Ramchandra Shukla has described how Bharatendu went to the Jagannath temple in Puri, Orissa with his family in 1865, when he was merely fifteen years of age.[5] It was during this trip that he was influenced by the Bengal Renaissance and decided to bring the genres of social, historical, and Puranic plays and novels into Hindi. This influence reflected in his Hindi translation of the Bengali drama Vidyasundar, just three years later, in 1868.

Bharatendu devoted his life to the development of Hindi literature. In recognition of his services as a writer, patron and moderniser, the title of "Bharatendu" was conferred on him at a public meeting by scholars of Kashi in 1880. Reputed literary critic Ram Vilas Sharma refers to the "great literary awakening ushered in under Bharatendu's leadership" as the "second storey of the edifice of renascent Hindi," the first being the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[6]

Bharatendu Harishchandra made major contributions in the field of journalism, drama, and poetry. He edited the magazines Kavi Vachan Sudha in 1868,In 1873 Harishchandra Magazine , Harishchandra Patrika and Bal Vodhini.[7] He was a member of the Chowdhury family of Varanasi belonging to the Agrawal community and his home there is still in use. His ancestors were landlords in Bengal.[6] He had one daughter. He wrote the widely mentioned history of the Agrawal community.

The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of India gives Bharatendu Harishchandra Awards since 1983 to promote original writings in Hindi mass communication.[8]

Hindu traditionalism[edit]
According to Barbara and Thomas R. Metcalf, Bharatendu Harishchandra is considered an influential example of Hindu "traditionalist" in north India, typifying continuity with received tradition and self-conscious participation with the modern world. He was typical of those Indians who engaged with Western institutions and learning: they refused to leave authority over religion to Brahmans who were traditionally educated. He used new media, especially publications to shape public opinion. He used Vaishnava devotionalism to define a coherent Hindu religion, with a base in the Kashi Dharma Sabha, started in the 1860s by the Maharaja of Benares as a response to more radical Hindu reformist movements. Harishchandra insisted on the value of image worship and interpreted Bhakti as devotion to a single god; this was in response to Orientalist and Christian critiques of Hinduism.[4]

Major works in[edit]
Drama[edit]
Bharatendu Harishchandra entered in theatre activity as an actor and soon become director, manager, and playwright. He used theatre as a tool to shape public opinion. His major plays are-

Vaidiki himsa hitnsa na bhavati, 1873 ( वैदिक हिंसा हिसा न भवति )
Bharat durdasha, 1875 (भारत दुर्दशा)
The mythological classic Satya Harishchandra i.e. "Truthful Harishchandra" in 1876
Neel devi, 1881 (नीलदेवी)
The political Andher nagari i.e. City of Darkness in 1881 (अंधेर नगरी ): A popular play of modern Hindi drama and a political satire. Translated and performed in many Indian languages by prominent Indian directors like B. V. Karanth, Prasanna, Arvind Gaur and Sanjay Upadyaye.'
Poetry[edit]
Bhagat sarvagya
Prem malika (1872)
Prem Maduri (1875)
Prem Tarang (1877), Prem Pralap, Prem fuhalwari (1883) and Prem Srowar
Holi(होली)(1874)
Madu Mukul ( मधुमुकुल) (1881)
Raag Sangraah ( राग-संग्रह, 1880)
Varsha Vinod ( वर्षा-1950 5455विनोद, 1880)
Vinya Prem Pachassa (विनय प्रेम पचासा,1881)
Pholo ka Guchha (फूलों का गुच्छा, 1882)
Chandravali in 1876, and Krishan Charitra(कृष्णचरित्र, 1883)
Utrarat Bhagat Mal ( उत्तरार्द्ध भक्तमाल, 1876-77)
Translations[edit]
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Harsha's Ratnavali
Visakhadattas Mudra-Rakshasa (मुद्राराक्षस)
Vidya-Sundar (विद्यासुन्दर), from Bengali
Karpoor manjari (कपूरमंजरी)from Prakrit
Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice as Durlabh bandhu (Invaluable Friend)
Essay collection[edit]
Bharatendu Grnthaaolly (साहित्य हरिश्चंद्र ), 1885

Couplets[edit]
The following two rhyming couplets are taken from his famous poem, मातृ-भाषा के प्रति (For the Sake of Mother-Tongue or Towards Mother-Tongue). The poem has ten couplets in total. The poet asserts the importance of using mother tongue as a medium of instruction – conversational and educational.

निज भाषा उन्नति अहै, सब उन्नति को मूल ।
बिन निज भाषा-ज्ञान के, मिटत न हिय को सूल ।।

विविध कला शिक्षा अमित, ज्ञान अनेक प्रकार।
सब देसन से लै करहू, भाषा माहि प्रचार ।।

Translation:
Progress is made in one's own language (the mother tongue), as it the foundation of all progress.
Without the knowledge of the mother tongue, there is no cure for the pain of heart.

Many arts and education infinite, knowledge of various kinds.
Should be taken from all countries, but propagated in one mother tongue.


References[edit]
Jump up ^ Diana Dimitrova (2004). Western tradition and naturalistic Hindi theatre. Peter Lang. p. 14. ISBN 0-8204-6822-3.
Jump up ^ Sandria B. Freitag (1989). "Chapter 2: The Birth of Hindi Drama in Banaras: 1868–1885, by Kathryn Hansen". Culture and power in Banaras: community, performance, and environment, 1800–1980. University of California Press. p. 78. ISBN 0-520-06367-8.
Jump up ^ Vasudha Dalmia, Poetics, Plays and Performances: The Politics of Modern Indian Theatre, New Delhi, Oxford University Press (2006) ISBN 0-19-567473-1
^ Jump up to: a b c Barbara D. Metcalf; Thomas R. Metcalf (2002). A Concise History of India. Cambridge University Press. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-521-63974-3.
Jump up ^ Ramchandra Shukla, Hindi Sahitya ka Itihaas (History of Hindi Literature)', 1928.
^ Jump up to: a b Awadesh Pradhan, The Spiritual and Cultural Ethos of Modern Hindi Literature, Prabuddha Bharata, July 2009.
Jump up ^ Dalmia, Vasudha (1997). The nationalization of Hindu traditions : Bharatendu Harischandra and nineteenth-century Banaras. Delhi; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-563961-8.
Jump up ^ "Bharatendu Harishchandra Awards Presented" (Press release). Indian Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. 8 January 2003.
External links[edit]
Bharatendu Harishchandra at Kavita Kosh (Hindi)
Plays of Bhartendu Harishchandra at Gadya Kosh (Online Encyclopedia of Hindi Literature)
Bharatendu
Poetry by Bharatendu
Bhartendu Natya Academy
Find biography, poems, drama, and other writings of the Bhartendu Harishchandra
अनहद कृति में भारतेंदु हरिश्चंद्र की रचनाएं व परिचय Anhad Kriti
[hide] v t e
Notable Hindi writers
1900-1950
Acharya Shivpujan Sahay Bhadant Anand Kausalyan Bharatendu Harishchandra Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh Harivansh Rai Bachchan Hazari Prasad Dwivedi Jaishankar Prasad Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi Maithili Sharan Gupt Makhanlal Chaturvedi Mahadevi Varma Nagarjun Nathuram Sharma 'Shankar' Nalin Vilochan Sharma Phanishwar Nath 'Renu' Premchand Rahul Sankrityayan Rambriksh Benipuri Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar' Sachchidananda Vatsyayan 'Ajneya' Shivmangal Singh Suman Subhadra Kumari Chauhan Sumitranandan Pant Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'
Hindi.svg
1950 onwards
Acharya Kuber Nath Rai Amar Kant Bhisham Sahni Dharamvir Bharati Dushyant Kumar Kamleshwar Kedarnath Singh Krishna Sobti Kunwar Narayan Maitreyi Pushpa Mohan Rakesh Mridula Sinha Naresh Mehta Nirmal Verma Pankaj Rag Shivani Siyaram Tiwari Sri Lal Sukla Swami Sahajanand Saraswati Viveki Rai
 • List of authors  • List of poets  • Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Hindi
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VIAF: 12294608 ISNI: 0000 0000 8091 0469 SUDOC: 060602465
Categories: 1850 births1885 deathsArtists from VaranasiHindi dramatists and playwrightsHindi journalistsHindi poetsHindi theatreIndian dramatists and playwrightsIndian magazine editorsIndian novelistsIndian stage actorsIndian theatre directorsIndian writersWriters from Uttar Pradesh
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Hindi Poems For Kids Poems For Kids About School That Rhyme Shel Silverstein in English To Recite About Friends in Urdu About Friendship 

Hindi Poems For Kids Poems For Kids About School That Rhyme Shel Silverstein in English To Recite About Friends in Urdu About Friendship 

Hindi Poems For Kids Poems For Kids About School That Rhyme Shel Silverstein in English To Recite About Friends in Urdu About Friendship 

Hindi Poems For Kids Poems For Kids About School That Rhyme Shel Silverstein in English To Recite About Friends in Urdu About Friendship 

Hindi Poems For Kids Poems For Kids About School That Rhyme Shel Silverstein in English To Recite About Friends in Urdu About Friendship 

Hindi Poems For Kids Poems For Kids About School That Rhyme Shel Silverstein in English To Recite About Friends in Urdu About Friendship 

Hindi Poems For Kids Poems For Kids About School That Rhyme Shel Silverstein in English To Recite About Friends in Urdu About Friendship 

Hindi Poems For Kids Poems For Kids About School That Rhyme Shel Silverstein in English To Recite About Friends in Urdu About Friendship 

Hindi Poems For Kids Poems For Kids About School That Rhyme Shel Silverstein in English To Recite About Friends in Urdu About Friendship 

Hindi Poems For Kids Poems For Kids About School That Rhyme Shel Silverstein in English To Recite About Friends in Urdu About Friendship 

Hindi Poems For Kids Poems For Kids About School That Rhyme Shel Silverstein in English To Recite About Friends in Urdu About Friendship